Biodiversity in India

I. BIOMES OF INDIA : 

 1. Tropical humid forests

    2. Tropical dry / deciduous forests

    3. Warm deserts / semi deserts

II. HOT SPOTS OF INDIA :

 1. The WesternGhats / Sri Lanka

          2. Indo – Burma region          (Covering eastern Himalayas.)

          3. Himalayan region

III. ECO REGIONS OF INDIA

1. Trans Himalayans

2. Himalayans

3. The Indian desert

4. The Semi arid zone

5. The Western Ghats

6. The Deccan peninsula

7. The Gangetic Plain

8. North East India

9. Islands

10. Coasts.

IV . WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF INDIA

       1. Khaziranga National park - Assam

       2. Manas National Park  -  Assam

       3. Sunderbans National park – west Bengal

       4. Keoladeo Ghana National Park – Rajastan

       5. Nanda Devi National Park – UttaraKhand.

V. WORLD NETWORK OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES

 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

 2. Nanda devi Biosphere reserve

 3. Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve

 4. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve

VI. NATIONAL PARKS  IN INDIA:

 1. Jim Corbett National Park – Uttaranchal    ( First National park in India ; tigers are protected)

 2. Gir National Park – Gujarat                        ( Lions are protected )

 3. Kanha National park  -  Madhya Pradesh

 4. Kaziranga National park – Assam               ( One horned Rhinoceros protected )

 5. Periyar National Park – Kerala                    ( a tiger and an elephant reserve )

 6. Sri Venkateswara National Park – Andhra Pradesh

7. Kasu Brahmanands Reddy National Park – Andhra Pradesh

8. Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park – Andhra Pradesh

VII. SANCTUARIES  IN INDIA

  1. Ranathambore Sanctuary – Rajasthan

  2. Mudumalai Sanctuary – Tamil Nadu,

  3. Papikonda  – 4.  Coringa  5. NagarjunaSagar Srisailam 6. EturuNagaram Sanctuary -  Andhra Pradesh

  4. Pulicat Sanctuary – A.P & Tamilnadu.

VIII. ASSEMBLAGE PROTECTION IN INDIA

   1. Kolleru Lake – AndhraPradesh

   2. Ranganthittu Bird Sanctuary – Karnataka

   3. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (updated as Keoladeo Ghana National Park) – Rajasthan.

IX. BIOSPHERE RESERVES OF INDIA

    1. Nilgiri – Karnataka, Kerala  and Tamil Nadu.

    2. Nanda devi – Uttara Khand

    3. Sunderban – West Bengal

    4.  Gulf of Mannar – Tamil Nadu.

   5. Manas – Assam

   6. Great Nicobar – Andaman & Nicobar Islands

  7. Thar Desert  - Rajasthan

  8. Little Rann of Kutch – Gujarat.

X. CROCADILE BREEDING PROJECT  IN TIKERPEDA , ORISSA

     1. Brackish water crocodile  - Crocodylus porosus

     2. Fresh water swamp crocodile – C.palustris

     3. River crocodile  - Gavialis gangeticus 

XI.  Special projects  for endangered species:

Project tiger reserve  for Panthera tigris tigris  -  15 tiger reserves in India  like

1.      Indravathi tiger reserve  -  Chattishgarh .

2.      Nagarjuna srisailum  Tiger Reserve  Andhra Pradesh

3.. Rhino conservasation was started in Assam

4.. Snow – leopard , Uncia uncia  is protected in Snow leopard reserve of Himalayas

    5. Project elephant  started to protect Asiatic elephant  Elephas maximus indicus in

        Periyar National park – Kerala

  6. Asiatic  Lion – Panthera leo percica is protected in Gir National park.

XII. Organisations in India

1.      BSI – Botanical Survey of India

2.      ZSI - Zoological  Survey of India

3.      BNHS - Bombay National History Society

4.      WPSI - Wild life protection Society of India , Dehradun

5.      ICRISAT - International craft research institute for the semi – arid Tropics , Hyderabad.(Conserving germplasm of Ground nut , Pigeon pea , chick pea, pearlmillet, and Sorghum.)

6.      IBW – Indian board of wild life ( Advisory body to Govt. of India )

XIII. Threatened Species in India

         The important threatened animals in India

1.      The Asiatic lion – Pantera leo persica

2.      The black buck (State animal of A.P.) – Antelope cervicapra

3.      Red panda – Ailurus ochraceus

4.      The lion tailed macaque – Macaca silenus

5.      Tiger – Panthera tigris

6.      Elephant – Elephas maximus indicus

7.      Kashmiri stag – Cervus elaphus hanglu

8.      Pygmy hog – Sus salvanius

9.      Siberian crane – Grus leucogeranus

10.  The slender loris – Loris tardigardus

XIV.ENDEMISM IN INDIA

1.      33%  of recorded flora  is endemic to the country and is concentrated mainly in the

A.North- east , B.Western Ghats, C.North – West  Himalayas  D. Andaman and Nicobar islands.

    2. 62%  of the known amphibian species are endemic with the majority occurring in the  Western Ghats

   3. Nearly 50 %  of the lizards of India are endemic with a high degree of endemicity in the

       Western Ghats .

4.India is a centre of crop diversity – the homelands of 167 cultivated species and 320 wild relative

of   crop plants.

XV. LEGISLATION IN INDIA

     1. 1927 – The Indian forest Act    2. The Wild life (protection ) Act 1972

      3.The forest Conservation Act 1980  4. The Air act 1980

    4. The Environment ( protection) Act – 1986

    5. 1976 – India signed to C